Classification of cancer cells and gene selection based on microarray data using MOPSO algorithm.

PURPOSE: Microarray information is crucial for the identification and categorisation of malignant tissues. The very limited sample size in the microarray has always been a challenge for classification design in cancer research. As a result, by pre-processing gene selection approaches and genes lacking their information, the microarray data are deleted prior to categorisation. In essence, an appropriate gene selection technique can significantly increase the accuracy of illness (cancer) classification. METHODS: For the classification of high-dimensional microarray data, a novel approach based on the hybrid model of multi-objective particle swarm optimisation (MOPSO) is proposed in this research. First, a binary vector representing each particle's position is presented at random. A gene is represented by each bit. Bit 0 denotes the absence of selection of the characteristic (gene) corresponding to it, while bit 1 denotes the selection of the gene. Therefore, the position of each particle represents a set of genes, and the linear Bayesian discriminant analysis classification algorithm calculates each particle's degree of fitness to assess the quality of the gene set that particle has chosen. The suggested methodology is applied to four different cancer database sets, and the results are contrasted with those of other approaches currently in use. RESULTS: The proposed algorithm has been applied on four sets of cancer database and its results have been compared with other existing methods. The results of the implementation show that the improvement of classification accuracy in the proposed algorithm compared to other methods for four sets of databases is 25.84% on average. So that it has improved by 18.63% in the blood cancer database, 24.25% in the lung cancer database, 27.73% in the breast cancer database, and 32.80% in the prostate cancer database. Therefore, the proposed algorithm is able to identify a small set of genes containing information in a way choose to increase the classification accuracy. CONCLUSION: Our proposed solution is used for data classification, which also improves classification accuracy. This is possible because the MOPSO model removes redundancy and reduces the number of redundant and redundant genes by considering how genes are correlated with each other.

Clinically significant drug interactions between antiretroviral and co-prescribed drugs in HIV infected patients: retrospective cohort study.

Introduction: There are limited data on human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV) infected people in the UAE and the Gulf region. This study aimed at assessing the prevalence and risk factors for potential clinically significant drug interactions (CSDIs) in a cohort of 181 HIV infected people in Dubai. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted at the outpatient infectious diseases clinic of Rashid hospital. Consecutive HIV seropositive people on anti-retroviral therapy (ART) were included. All potential CSDIs were analyzed and classified using Liverpool HIV drug interactions database. Results: Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) and integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) were the most frequently used antiretroviral agents (ARVs), while the most common (non-ARV) were cardiovascular medication followed by antilipidemic statins. A total of 140 potential CSDIs were found in nearly half (n=86, 47.5%) of the 181 included HIV persons. Of the 140 potential CSDIs, 27 (19%) were of weak clinical relevance, 108 (77%) were of potential clinical relevance, and 5 (4%) were of contraindicated clinical relevance interactions. Moreover, 52 (37.14%) of CSDIs were between two ARVs and 88 (62.85%) were between ARV and non-ARV drugs. In the univariate analysis, age, dyslipidemia, number of medications, analgesics use, statin use, supplement intake, time since diagnosis of HIV, number of ART, and use of a protease inhibitor (PI) were significant. In the logistic regression, factors independently associated with CSDIs were the number of medications (odds ratio [OR] 1.165, 95% CI 1.021-1.329, P = 0.023) and the time since diagnosis of HIV (OR 1.156, 95% CI 1.008-1.327, P = 0.038). Conclusion: The frequency of CSDIs between ART and co-medications is high in HIV seropositive people. Awareness of the risk factors may assist clinicians to recognize and manage CSDIs.

Giant benign prostatic hyperplasia: A case report.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is prostate weighting f over 500g and is usually public in men older than fifty years. A case of 78-year-old man was referred to Sina hospital complaining of urinary frequency. His total prostate-specific antigen was 17.3 ng/mL and the volume of his prostate was measured at 350 mL by transrectal ultrasound. Simple prostatectomy was done and a huge adenoma was enucleated in an open retropubic manner weighting 1070g. "Giant BPH" is a rare pathology of the prostate gland. In this study, we report a successful enucleation of a giant BPH (1070 g) without any significant complications.

Effects of N-acetylcysteine on arterial neo-intimal hyperplasia in rat model of arteriovenous fistula.

INTRODUCTION:: Arteriovenous fistula is the best choice for vascular access in hemodialysis patients. However, arteriovenous fistula dysfunction is a major clinical issue. The most common cause of arteriovenous fistula failure is intimal hyperplasia. In this study, we have investigated the effect of N-acetylcysteine on neo-intimal hyperplasia after arteriovenous fistula creation in rats. METHODS:: This study was conducted in 24 rats which were randomly divided into two groups: control and N-acetylcysteine groups. An end-to-side anastomosis was made between the femoral artery and vein. The control group received distilled water intraperitoneally while the animals in N-acetylcysteine group received 300 mg/kg/day of N-acetylcysteine via the same route. After 28 days, the thickness of intima and media was measured using hematoxylin and eosin. RESULTS:: There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding age ( p = 0.6) and weight ( p = 0.1). The mean intima thickness in N-acetylcysteine group was significantly less than control group (17 ± 20 and 119 ± 46 µm, respectively; p < 0.001). The mean intima/media thickness in the N-acetylcysteine group was significantly less than control group (0.5 ± 0.63 vs 2.05 ± 1.17 µm; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION:: N-acetylcysteine is effective in inhibiting neo-intimal hyperplasia in a rat model of arteriovenous fistula.

Effects of feeding with broiler litter in pellet-form diet on Qizil fattening lambs' performance, nutrient digestibility, blood metabolites and husbandry economics.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the feeding of Qizil fattening lambs with different levels of broiler litter (BL) on their weight gain, dry matter intake (DMI), nutrient digestibility, selected blood metabolites and husbandry economics. During an eight-weeks experimental period, 28 male lambs (an average of 42.21 ± 5.63 kg and ages of 7-8 months) were allocated randomly to one of four dietary treatments, including; control diet with no litter (NL, n = 7), diet containing 5% BL (LL, n = 7), diet with 10% BL (ML, n = 7) and diet containing 15.00% BL (HL, n = 7) as dry matter (DM) basis. The lambs were kept in individual pens and had free access to feed and water (ad libitum) throughout the study. In this research, DMI and feed conversion ratio were not influenced significantly by the dietary treatments, while average daily gain (ADG) was found to be significant. The lambs which consumed LL diet (5.00% BL) had the greatest ADG. The DM digestibility significantly influenced by dietary treatments, as the HL diet (15.00% BL) had the least DM digestibility. There were also significant differences in the crude protein and acid detergent fiber digestibility among the treatments. Blood urea nitrogen and glucose levels were significantly affected by the treatments. Low litter treatment had the least FCR and the highest economical advantage. In conclusion, feeding male Qizil lambs with BL can reduce production cost without any negative effects on performance.

Effects of persistent luminescence decay on mechanoluminescence phenomena of SrAl2O4:Eu2+, Dy3+ materials.

This Letter reveals for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, the effects of stress-free persistent luminescence (PL) decay on the mechanoluminescence (ML) phenomena and the effects of stresses and strain rates on the PL decay of SrAl(2)O(4):Eu(2+), Dy(3+) (SAOED) materials. Previous research on ML phenomena in this material has focused on the effects of strain rates and stress variations on ML light intensity. However, experimental evidence provided herein shows that the ML light emission is also related to the PL decay time elapsed until the onset of stressing and the PL decay rate is dependent on the stress, strain rate, and the stress-free PL decay time interval. For quantitative stress measurements using SAOED materials, understanding of ML light sensitivity and its dependence on critical factors (strain rate, stress-free PL decay time interval, photoexcitation time, instantaneous PL decay rate, etc.) is crucially important. This Letter provides new and important perspectives that are essential for developing predictive models and/or calibration procedures for ML stress sensors.